How to Size a Wind Turbine From Your Factory Electricity Bill in Pakistan

For wind turbine for factory in Pakistan, the electricity bill is one of the best places to start sizing a commercial wind turbine—but it is not enough to make the final selection.

A bill can tell us how much electricity the factory buys, its billing demand, tariff category, and in many cases peak/off-peak consumption. It cannot tell us how much wind exists at the factory, what a turbine will produce at the proposed hub height, or whether that production will occur when the factory needs electricity.

That distinction matters.

A factory consuming 100,000 kWh per month should not automatically buy a turbine whose theoretical monthly output is 100,000 kWh. Wind turbines do not operate continuously at rated power.

The correct process is:

Electricity Bill → Annual kWh → Factory Load Profile → Wind Resource → Turbine Power Curve → Annual Energy Production → Hourly Load Matching → Final Turbine Size → Financial Analysis

This guide explains that process for Pakistani businesses considering approximately 10 kW to 1 MW commercial wind systems.

For a broader introduction to industrial wind projects, also read Wind Turbines for Business in Pakistan: 100 kW to 1 MW Guide and the location-specific Wind Turbine for Factory in Karachi guide.

---

1. The First Mistake: “My Factory Load Is 200 kW, So I Need a 200 kW Wind Turbine”

This sounds logical but is technically incorrect.

Suppose a factory has a maximum electrical demand of:

200 kW

That does not mean it continuously consumes 200 kW.

Its actual demand might look like this:
For Example

Time	Factory demand
1:00 AM	45 kW
6:00 AM	60 kW
9:00 AM	160 kW
12:00 PM	185 kW
3:00 PM	200 kW
7:00 PM	130 kW
11:00 PM	55 kW

Now consider a 200 kW wind turbine.

It also does not continuously produce 200 kW.

Depending on wind speed, its output might be:

Time	Factory Load	Turbine Output
1:00 AM	45 kW	120 kW
6:00 AM	60	170
9:00 AM	160	40
12:00 PM	185	80
3:00 PM	200	150
7:00 PM	130	190
11:00 PM	55	100

The factory demand and wind generation are two changing curves.

Therefore:

A commercial turbine must be sized from energy demand and generation profiles, not from one kW number on the electricity bill.

---

2. Understand What Your Pakistan Electricity Bill Is Telling You

Before looking at wind turbines, collect at least 12 consecutive months of electricity bills.

Depending on the customer’s tariff and supply arrangement, useful information can include:

• units consumed in kWh;
• peak units;
• off-peak units;
• maximum demand;
• sanctioned/connected load;
• tariff category;
• fixed/demand charges;
• variable energy charges;
• taxes, duties and surcharges;
• billing period.

---

3. kW and kWh: The Most Important Difference

Factory owners often use the two terms interchangeably.

They are not the same.

kW = Power

This tells us the rate at which electricity is being consumed or produced at a particular moment.

A factory operating at:

300 kW

is drawing electrical power at that rate.

kWh = Energy

This tells us how much electricity is consumed over time.

If the factory operates at 300 kW for 4 hours:

For wind-turbine sizing:

kW tells us the size of the machine. kWh tells us how much useful electricity the business needs and how much the turbine actually generates.

For investment decisions, annual kWh is usually much more informative than rated kW alone.

---

4. Step One: Calculate the Factory’s Annual Electricity Consumption

Take the last 12 bills.

Suppose a factory’s monthly consumption is:

Month	Electricity Consumption
January	82,000 kWh
February	79,000
March	91,000
April	96,000
May	108,000
June	115,000
July	120,000
August	117,000
September	106,000
October	98,000
November	89,000
December	84,000
Total	1,185,000 kWh/year

The factory therefore purchases approximately:

from the grid in this simplified example.

Now we have a useful starting number.

But we still cannot select the turbine.

---

5. Calculate the Factory’s Average Electrical Load

Annual energy can be converted into average load:

For our example:

So although the factory might have a maximum demand of perhaps 250 or 300 kW, its year-round equivalent average load is only:

This is useful information.

But it still does not mean:

Buy a 135 kW wind turbine.

Why?

Because both factory demand and wind generation change throughout the day and year.

---

6. The Electricity Bill Gives You Three Different Sizing Clues

A good feasibility study separates these.

Bill information	What it tells us	Can it directly determine turbine size?
Annual kWh	Total factory energy requirement	No, but extremely useful
Maximum demand kW	Highest electrical demand	No
Peak/off-peak kWh	When some consumption occurs	Helps significantly
Monthly kWh	Seasonal demand variation	Helps
Tariff	Financial value of displaced grid energy	Needed for ROI

The bill answers:

How much electricity does the factory use?

The wind study answers:

How much electricity can a turbine produce here?

The project design must connect those two answers.

---

7. A Useful First Screening Formula

At the earliest stage, we can estimate what rated turbine capacity might be required to generate a target amount of annual energy:

Suppose our example factory uses:

and initially wants wind energy equal to 30% of its annual consumption.

Target:

Now look at different hypothetical capacity factors.

At 20% CF to 40% CF

Look at what happened:

Assumed CF	Turbine capacity needed for 355,500 kWh/year
15%	271 kW
20%	203 kW
25%	162 kW
30%	135 kW
35%	116 kW
40%	101 kW

The same factory bill can point toward anything from approximately 100 kW to 270 kW, depending on the site’s wind performance.

This is exactly why a turbine cannot be sized from the electricity bill alone.

---

8. What Is Capacity Factor?

Capacity factor compares actual annual production with the energy the turbine would generate if it operated at rated output continuously for all 8,760 hours.

For example, if a 100 kW turbine generates:

then:

A 25% capacity factor does not mean the turbine continuously generates 25 kW.

The turbine could move between:

0 → 15 → 40 → 80 → 100 kW

throughout the year.

Capacity factor simply describes the resulting annual energy relative to the theoretical maximum.

---

9. What Different Turbine Sizes Could Generate

For initial screening, capacity-factor sensitivity is useful.

Annual energy — mathematical scenarios

Turbine	15% CF	20% CF	25% CF	30% CF	35% CF
10 kW	13,140	17,520	21,900	26,280	30,660
20 kW	26,280	35,040	43,800	52,560	61,320
50 kW	65,700	87,600	109,500	131,400	153,300
100 kW	131,400	175,200	219,000	262,800	306,600
200 kW	262,800	350,400	438,000	525,600	613,200
250 kW	328,500	438,000	547,500	657,000	766,500
500 kW	657,000	876,000	1,095,000	1,314,000	1,533,000
1 MW	1,314,000	1,752,000	2,190,000	2,628,000	3,066,000

Important: these are calculations, not production forecasts for Pakistan.

You cannot look at this table, choose 30%, and order a turbine.

The actual capacity factor must ultimately come from the site wind resource + selected turbine power curve + project losses.

---

10. Pakistan Has Real Wind Resources—but Location Matters

There is strong evidence for wind energy in southern Sindh.

The Sindh Energy Department identifies the Gharo–Keti Bandar wind corridor as approximately 60 km wide and more than 180 km long, covering areas including Thatta, Badin, Jamshoro, Hyderabad and Tharparkar. The department states exploitable wind-generation potential above 60,000 MW. (SINDH ENERGY DEPARTMENT –)

Pakistan also has substantial operational utility-scale experience. PPIB’s commissioned portfolio, current to 30 June 2026, includes numerous operational wind projects, while its CPEC portfolio identifies projects such as the 100 MW UEP Wind Farm and several 50 MW projects in Jhimpir and Gharo/Thatta. (Private Power & Infrastructure Board)

But this does not mean every factory in Karachi, Hyderabad, Jamshoro or Thatta should use the same capacity factor.

A factory surrounded by warehouses can have very different turbine inflow from an open wind-farm site.

For location-specific commercial discussion, see Wind Turbine for Business: Karachi to Hyderabad Commercial Guide.

---

11. Don’t Copy the Capacity Factor of a Nearby Wind Farm

This is an important warning.

Suppose a utility-scale wind farm near your factory has excellent performance.

You cannot simply say:

“Their capacity factor is X%, so ours will also be X%.”

Utility turbines may have:

• much larger rotors;
• taller towers;
• better exposure;
• different power curves;
• professional micro-siting;
• less building turbulence;
• different control systems;
• different availability.

The correct calculation for the factory remains:

not:

---

12. Use the Factory GPS Coordinates

After analysing the electricity bill, the next required input is the exact factory location.

Not simply:

Karachi.

Or:

Jamshoro.

We need coordinates such as:

Latitude, Longitude

because regional wind conditions can change significantly with:

• distance from coast;
• terrain;
• elevation;
• surrounding development;
• surface roughness;
• proximity to obstacles.

For an initial site check, WindTurbine.pk provides a dedicated Wind Turbine Feasibility service.

---

13. Use Trusted Wind Resource Data for Initial Screening

For Pakistan, one useful independent source is the Global Wind Atlas, developed through a partnership involving DTU Wind Energy and the World Bank Group. The World Bank describes it as a tool intended to help planners, policymakers and investors identify high-wind areas and perform preliminary calculations. (World Bank Data Catalog)

The World Bank also publishes Pakistan-specific wind-speed, wind-rose and wind-power-density map datasets derived from the Global Wind Atlas. (World Bank Data Catalog)

World Bank — Pakistan Wind Speed and Wind Power Potential Maps

These are excellent screening resources.

But a map is not a replacement for a site measurement campaign for a large investment.

The World Bank’s Pakistan wind-resource mapping programme itself involved mesoscale modelling as part of a broader resource-mapping effort, illustrating the difference between national/regional resource assessment and project-level measurements. (The World Bank Docs)

---

14. Why Hub Height Must Be Considered

Suppose the wind resource at:

10 m = relatively weak

but the resource at:

50 m = significantly stronger.

A factory owner looking only at ground-level wind might reject a potentially useful site.

The reverse problem also occurs.

Someone feels strong wind on a roof and assumes a large turbine will perform well.

But rooftop wind may be highly turbulent.

For commercial projects, the wind should be assessed close to the proposed turbine hub height, not simply at human height.

---

15. Now Obtain the Actual Turbine Power Curve

This is where turbine sizing becomes much more accurate.

The power curve shows turbine electrical output at different wind speeds.

For example, a hypothetical 100 kW turbine might behave like this:

Wind Speed	Example Output
2 m/s	0 kW
3 m/s	1 kW
4 m/s	5 kW
5 m/s	14 kW
6 m/s	28 kW
7 m/s	48 kW
8 m/s	70 kW
9 m/s	88 kW
10 m/s	98 kW
11 m/s	100 kW
12 m/s	100 kW

These numbers are illustrative only.

Do not use them to predict a real 100 kW turbine.

The international reference for power-performance measurement is IEC 61400-12-1:2022. It specifies procedures for measuring turbine power performance and requires measured power curves and derived energy-production figures to be accompanied by assessment of measurement uncertainty. (IEC Webstore)

IEC 61400-12-1:2022 — Wind Turbine Power Performance

When buying a commercial turbine, ask the supplier:

Is the power curve measured or simulated?

Which standard was used?

At what air density?

Is there a third-party test report?

Does the report belong to this exact turbine model?

---

16. Why Cut-In Wind Speed Can Mislead Buyers

A supplier might advertise:

Cut-in wind speed: 2.5 m/s

That sounds impressive.

But cut-in only means the turbine begins operating or producing measurable power around that wind speed under defined conditions.

It does not mean it produces useful rated power at 2.5 m/s.

A 100 kW turbine might produce only a tiny fraction of its rating near cut-in.

For a factory, ask:

How many kW does the turbine produce at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 m/s?

That is much more useful.

---

17. The Correct AEP Calculation

Once we have hourly wind data and a credible power curve, we can estimate annual energy production.

For every hour:

where:

= wind speed during hour

and:

= turbine power curve.

Then:

for one-hour data.

This gives gross Annual Energy Production before appropriate project losses.

That is the number that begins connecting the wind study with the electricity bill.

---

18. Why Hourly Wind Data Beats Annual Average Wind

Imagine two sites both have:

Average wind = 6 m/s

Site A

Wind stays between approximately 5 and 7 m/s for many hours.

Site B

Many hours are low wind, followed by shorter periods of strong wind.

Because turbine power curves are nonlinear, annual production can differ.

Therefore WindTurbine.pk’s commercial analysis should preferably examine hourly wind distributions rather than simply reporting:

Average wind speed = 6 m/s.

This same principle is already used in the Wind Turbine for Factory in Karachi guide, where annual energy rather than rated power is treated as the key commercial metric.

---

19. Next Step: Compare the Turbine With the Factory Hour by Hour

This is where the electricity bill alone reaches its limit.

Ideally obtain:

Dataset 1

8,760 hourly factory load values

Dataset 2

8,760 hourly turbine generation values

Then calculate for every hour:

Example:

Hour	Factory Load	Wind Generation	Used by Factory	Surplus	Grid Import
01:00	70 kW	110 kW	70	40	0
06:00	90	60	60	0	30
10:00	220	80	80	0	140
14:00	250	180	180	0	70
18:00	190	210	190	20	0
23:00	60	130	60	70	0

Now we can answer questions the monthly bill cannot:

How much wind electricity will the factory actually consume?

surplus?

grid electricity will remain necessary?

---

20. Self-Consumption Ratio vs Renewable Coverage

These are different.

Wind self-consumption ratio

Suppose the turbine generates:

500,000 kWh

and the factory directly uses:

425,000 kWh

Then:

Wind contribution to factory consumption

If the factory consumes:

1,185,000 kWh/year

then:

So the same project has:

85% wind self-consumption

but supplies only:

35.9% of annual factory energy

Both numbers are useful, but they answer different questions.

---

21. Why a 24-Hour Factory Is Different From a Daytime Factory

Suppose two factories both consume:

1,200,000 kWh/year.

Factory A operates:

8 AM–6 PM

Factory B operates:

24 hours/day

If significant wind generation occurs at night, Factory B may be able to directly use more of it.

That could improve project economics.

But do not assume:

“Wind always blows at night.”

That must be demonstrated by the site’s hourly wind data.

This is another reason annual kWh alone cannot determine turbine capacity.

---

22. Example: Factory Using 100,000 kWh Per Month

Let’s now build a complete screening example.

Factory consumption:

Approximate annual consumption:

Average load:

Suppose management wants wind to provide approximately:

25% of annual consumption.

Target wind energy:

Now compare turbine sizes.

Turbine	20% CF	25% CF	30% CF	35% CF
100 kW	175,200	219,000	262,800	306,600
150 kW	262,800	328,500	394,200	459,900
200 kW	350,400	438,000	525,600	613,200
250 kW	438,000	547,500	657,000	766,500

At first glance:

• a 100 kW machine reaches approximately the target only around the 35% scenario;
• a 150 kW machine exceeds it at 25%;
• a 200 kW machine exceeds it at 20%.

But we still cannot choose between them.

Now we need the actual site AEP for real turbine models.

That is the difference between a sizing table and engineering.

---

23. What If the Factory Wants 50% Wind Energy?

Same factory:

Target:

Required rated capacity:

Expected CF	Approximate rated capacity required*
15%	457 kW
20%	342 kW
25%	274 kW
30%	228 kW
35%	196 kW
40%	171 kW

*Before considering project-specific losses and hourly self-consumption/export constraints.

This table demonstrates something extremely important:

The electricity bill tells us the energy target. The wind resource tells us how large the turbine must be to approach that target.

---

24. What If the Factory Wants 100% Annual Energy From Wind?

For the same 1.2 GWh/year factory:

CF	Theoretical rated capacity to generate 1.2 GWh/year
15%	913 kW
20%	685 kW
25%	548 kW
30%	457 kW
35%	391 kW
40%	342 kW

But even if annual wind generation equals:

that does not mean the factory is 100% powered by wind every hour.

At some times:

and at others:

Without sufficient grid interaction, storage or another balancing resource, annual energy matching is not the same as 24/7 energy independence.

This distinction should be clearly explained to every industrial customer.

---

25. Maximum Demand Still Matters

Although maximum demand should not directly determine turbine capacity, it is still important.

Suppose:

Annual average load = 137 kW

but:

Maximum demand = 500 kW.

That tells us the factory has significant peaks.

Wind generation may reduce some of those peaks—but only if wind happens to be available during those intervals.

Therefore a wind turbine should not automatically be advertised as a guaranteed maximum-demand reduction tool.

To study demand reduction properly, you need interval data.

---

26. Peak and Off-Peak Units Can Make the Bill More Useful

If the customer’s bill separates peak and off-peak consumption, it gives another useful clue.

For example:

Consumption	kWh/month
Peak	25,000
Off-peak	75,000
Total	100,000

Now we know much of the factory’s energy occurs outside peak periods.

But even this is not as useful as 15-minute or hourly load data.

The best commercial dataset is often obtained from:

• smart meter;
• energy management system;
• SCADA;
• utility interval meter;
• factory electrical monitoring.

---

27. Existing Solar Must Be Included

Many Pakistani factories already have solar.

Suppose a factory consumes:

1.2 GWh/year

but already generates:

500 MWh/year solar.

You cannot size wind as though solar did not exist.

Instead model:

and then compare wind generation with that remaining load.

Otherwise you may create large periods of renewable surplus.

A hybrid analysis should use:

versus:

This is especially important for businesses considering commercial wind alongside an existing rooftop solar plant.

---

28. Don’t Forget the Transformer

Suppose the analysis suggests a:

500 kW turbine.

Before ordering it, investigate:

• factory supply voltage;
• transformer rating;
• existing load;
• solar generation;
• turbine generator/converter voltage;
• switchgear;
• protection;
• export conditions;
• short-circuit contribution;
• power quality;
• metering.

A technically good wind resource does not automatically mean the existing factory electrical system can accept the proposed generator without modification.

---

29. Pakistan’s Grid Rules Need to Be Checked at the Time of the Project

This is particularly important in 2026.

NEPRA’s current legal register lists the Prosumer Regulations 2026, originally notified on 9 February 2026, subsequent amendments dated 28 April and 6 August 2026, and the Technical Standards for Grid Connectivity Regulations 2026, notified on 27 April 2026.

Therefore a business should not size a turbine on the assumption that every surplus kWh will automatically receive the same financial treatment as a self-consumed kWh.

The current regulatory route, project capacity, connection voltage, distribution company requirements and applicable export treatment should be confirmed during project development.

---

30. Size for Useful Energy, Not Maximum Possible Energy

This is an important commercial principle.

Suppose:

Option A — 250 kW

Produces:

550,000 kWh/year

of which:

500,000 kWh is directly useful.

Option B — 500 kW

Produces:

1,000,000 kWh/year

but only:

600,000 kWh is directly useful, with the rest having much lower value or requiring another solution.

The 500 kW turbine produces much more electricity.

That does not automatically mean it produces the better financial return.

You must calculate the value of each energy stream.

---

31. Financial Value Should Be Calculated Separately

A useful framework is:

Then:

Do not use:

unless every generated kWh genuinely has that same financial value under the project’s arrangement.

---

32. Example of Turbine Oversizing

Factory annual consumption:

1,200,000 kWh

Candidate 500 kW turbine:

Estimated net generation = 1,300,000 kWh

At first glance:

Perfect—wind production is approximately equal to consumption.

But hourly modelling finds:

Directly self-consumed = 720,000 kWh

Surplus = 580,000 kWh

The turbine may therefore be significantly oversized for a strategy focused primarily on direct self-consumption.

A smaller machine might produce less total energy but achieve a higher self-consumption ratio and potentially stronger economics.

This is why:

Annual kWh matching is only the first level of sizing. Hourly matching is the better level.

---

33. How Much Wind Speed Does the Factory Need?

There is no single universal minimum wind speed that makes every turbine economical.

Why?

Because turbines differ in:

• rotor diameter;
• hub height;
• specific power;
• power curve;
• CAPEX;
• O&M;
• design class.

And projects differ in electricity value.

The useful question is:

At the measured wind distribution at this hub height, what net AEP will this exact turbine produce?

That answer can then be converted into PKR/kWh and investment returns.

---

34. Rotor Diameter Matters When Comparing Same-kW Turbines

Suppose two suppliers offer:

100 kW turbine A

and:

100 kW turbine B.

They may have very different rotor diameters.

Rotor swept area is:

A larger rotor intercepts more air.

This is why turbine procurement should compare:

Specification	Supplier A	Supplier B
Rated power	100 kW	100 kW
Rotor diameter	?	?
Swept area	?	?
Hub height	?	?
Power at 5 m/s	?	?
Power at 6 m/s	?	?
Power at 7 m/s	?	?
Rated wind speed	?	?
Cut-out speed	?	?
IEC/certification	?	?
Estimated site AEP	?	?
Warranty	?	?
O&M support	?	?

The final row—site AEP—is usually much more commercially meaningful than rated kW alone.

---

35. Practical Factory Sizing Framework

A useful preliminary framework for WindTurbine.pk customers is:

Factory annual electricity use	Wind contribution target	What to do next
<100 MWh	20–40%	Investigate small commercial turbine
100–500 MWh	20–40%	Compare 10–100 kW class options
500 MWh–1 GWh	20–50%	Compare approximately 50–250 kW options
1–3 GWh	20–50%	Compare approximately 100–500 kW options
3–10 GWh	20–50%	Investigate 250 kW–1 MW class
>10 GWh	Site/project dependent	Utility-style commercial assessment

These are screening ranges, not turbine recommendations. Actual turbine capacity can fall outside them depending on wind resource, load shape and equipment.

---

36. Pakistan Location Matters as Much as the Electricity Bill

Consider three factories all consuming:

1,000,000 kWh/year.

Factory A — Jhimpir/open site

Good documented regional wind resource and open exposure.

Factory B — Karachi industrial area

Coastal wind may be useful, but warehouses and buildings can create substantial turbulence.

Factory C — Inland low-wind location

Large electricity consumption but weak wind resource.

The electricity bills could be identical.

The correct turbine decision could be completely different.

This is why WindTurbine.pk’s existing Karachi factory wind-turbine guide emphasizes annual energy production and exact site conditions rather than matching turbine kW directly to factory demand.

For projects extending through Sindh’s industrial belt, see Wind Turbine for Business from Karachi to Hyderabad.

---

37. What Documents Should the Factory Send for Initial Sizing?

A customer asking:

“What size wind turbine do I need?”

should ideally provide:

Required information	Purpose
12 months electricity bills	Annual/seasonal consumption
Peak & off-peak units	Time-of-use analysis
Maximum demand	Electrical sizing context
15-minute/hourly load data	Accurate self-consumption modelling
Exact GPS coordinates	Wind-resource screening
Factory operating hours	Load profile
Existing solar kW	Hybrid modelling
Solar generation data	Net-load calculation
Transformer rating	Electrical assessment
Supply voltage	Interconnection
Site plan	Turbine placement
Available open land	Tower/foundation
Building heights	Turbulence/wake
Nearby obstacles	Micro-siting
Site photographs	Preliminary assessment
Expansion plans	Future load

With only one electricity bill, we can make a rough screening estimate.

With all of the above, we can begin a proper commercial feasibility assessment.

---

38. WindTurbine.pk’s Recommended Sizing Process

For commercial customers, the process should be:

Stage 1 — Electricity bill analysis

Calculate:

annual kWh + monthly variation + maximum demand + TOU consumption

↓

Stage 2 — Factory load analysis

Obtain:

hourly or 15-minute demand

↓

Stage 3 — GPS wind screening

Use independent long-term wind resources.

↓

Stage 4 — Hub-height analysis

Estimate or measure wind at the proposed turbine height.

↓

Stage 5 — Wind direction and obstacles

Check:

buildings + trees + tanks + chimneys + terrain

↓

Stage 6 — On-site wind measurement

For larger investments, determine whether a met mast, LiDAR or other professional measurement campaign is warranted.

↓

Stage 7 — Turbine shortlist

Compare:

rotor + power curve + tower + certification + service

↓

Stage 8 — AEP

Calculate:

gross annual kWh

↓

Stage 9 — Losses and uncertainty

Estimate:

net AEP + uncertainty

↓

Stage 10 — Hourly load matching

Calculate:

self-consumed kWh + surplus kWh + remaining grid import

↓

Stage 11 — Electrical and civil engineering

Check:

transformer + protection + grid + tower + soil + foundation

↓

Stage 12 — Financial model

Calculate:

CAPEX + OPEX + savings + LCOE + NPV + IRR + payback

↓

Stage 13 — Final turbine size

Only now select the turbine.

That sequence prevents the most common commercial mistake:

Buying the turbine first and trying to make the site fit it afterwards.

---

39. Quick Worked Example

Consider a Pakistan factory with:

Parameter	Value
Monthly electricity	~100,000 kWh
Annual electricity	1,200,000 kWh
Average load	~137 kW
Maximum demand	300 kW
Operation	24 hours
Wind target	30% annual energy
Target wind generation	360,000 kWh/year

Now suppose preliminary wind modelling gives three candidate turbines:

Candidate	Net AEP	Direct self-consumption	Surplus
100 kW	260,000 kWh	250,000	10,000
150 kW	370,000	340,000	30,000
250 kW	610,000	490,000	120,000

If management’s target is approximately:

360,000 kWh/year

the 150 kW option looks interesting from an energy perspective.

But it is still not automatically the winner.

Now compare:

• installed CAPEX;
• O&M;
• turbine life;
• warranty;
• export value;
• foundation;
• tower;
• electrical modifications;
• financing;
• NPV;
• IRR;
• LCOE.

Only then can the business make an informed investment decision.

---

40. Five Numbers That Should Be on Every Commercial Wind Proposal

A supplier’s proposal should not stop at:

Turbine = 250 kW

Ask for these five numbers:

Number	Why it matters
1. Factory annual consumption — kWh/year	Defines demand
2. Net turbine AEP — kWh/year	Defines expected production
3. Self-consumed wind — kWh/year	Defines useful onsite energy
4. Total installed CAPEX — PKR	Defines investment
5. LCOE / NPV / IRR / payback	Defines economics

And every energy number should state its assumptions.

---

41. Questions to Ask Before Accepting a Turbine Recommendation

If someone looks at your electricity bill and immediately says:

“You need a 500 kW turbine,”

ask:

What wind data did you use?

At what height?

Which turbine power curve?

How much will be surplus?

How was the current Pakistan grid/export arrangement treated?

What is total installed cost rather than turbine-only price?

If these questions cannot be answered, the turbine has not really been sized yet.

---

42. The Simple Rule for Pakistani Factory Owners

Your electricity bill tells you:

Your wind assessment tells you:

The turbine power curve tells you:

Your hourly load profile tells you:

And the financial model tells you:

All five are required.

---

Final Conclusion

A factory electricity bill is an excellent starting point for wind-turbine sizing, but it should never be the only input.

For a Pakistani business, the professional method is to first calculate 12-month electricity consumption, maximum demand and time-of-use consumption. Then analyse the exact factory’s wind resource at the proposed hub height, obtain a credible turbine power curve, calculate annual energy production, and compare the resulting wind generation with the factory’s load hour by hour.

A factory consuming 1.2 million kWh per year might ultimately justify a 100 kW turbine, a 250 kW turbine, a 500 kW turbine—or no wind turbine at all.

The answer depends on the site.

Pakistan has proven wind resources, particularly in Sindh’s established wind-development regions, and government and international datasets provide strong tools for preliminary screening.

But the commercial decision should always come down to:

—not simply the kW number printed on the electricity bill.

For businesses beginning this process, use WindTurbine.pk Wind Feasibility, review Wind Turbine Prices from 1 kW to 100 kW in Pakistan, and continue with Wind Turbines for Business in Pakistan: 100 kW to 1 MW. For Karachi projects specifically, the Wind Turbine for Factory in Karachi guide explains how location, wind speed, output and ROI interact. Wind turbine Price in Pakistan Wind Turbine Price in Pakistan